Open Source Support and Consultancy
When copy and pasting into vi or vim, you can often end up with badly formatted text. This is often referred to as “the staircase effect”. It’s easily prevented by entering :set paste before you paste, when you have finished turn it off again with :set nopaste.
Temporary files left over from shell scripts clutter up your /tmp directory and may result in information leakage. Below are a pair of functions we use to gracefully handle the creation and removal of temporary files in shell scripts.
The first function is used to create a temporary file:
function os_mktemp {
[[ ! $1 ]] && echo "os_mktemp: required a handle name" && exit 99
let OS_TEMPFILEHANDLE++;
OS_TEMPFILE[$OS_TEMPFILEHANDLE]=`mktemp /tmp/ostmp.XXXXXXXX`
eval F_$1=${OS_TEMPFILE[$OS_TEMPFILEHANDLE]}
}
It requires a single parameter, which is used to create a variable name containing the path to the temporary file. For example. os_mktemp FTPOUTPUT will return a variable $F_FTPOUTPUT.
The array OS_TEMPFILE is an array holding the names of all the temporary file names, this is used by the cleanup function to remove the temporary files.
os_mktemp OUTPUT; this results in a temporary file with a random name being created and the name being stored in the variable $F_OUTPUT.
The second function is used to remove all temporary files.
function os_cleanup {
for FILE in ${OS_TEMPFILE[@]}; do
[[ -e "$FILE" ]] && rm "$FILE" || echo "os_cleanup: couldn't remove temporary file $FILE."
done
}
To ensure the os_cleanup code is executed whenever the shell script closes, we use the BASH trap command.
trap os_cleanup INT TERM EXIT
It’s best practice (and common sense) to make a backup of a file before you edit it. Unfortunately it’s easy to forget to do this. We use this simple script below to make a time/date stamped copy of a file before launching the editor (in this case vim). We create it as /usr/local/bin/bvi.
#!/bin/bash
[[ -r $1 ]] && cp $1{,.`date +%Y%m%d-%H%M`} || echo "$1 is a new file"
vim $1
We then add the following two aliases to our ~/.bashrc file to make sure it’s run automatically when we call vim.
alias vi=/usr/local/bin/bvi
alias vim=/usr/local/bin/bvi
This isn’t a replacement for good version control of important files, but it’s a good safety net. It’s also worth noting that this can leave a lot of old copies of files laying about, so it’s work cleaning out old copies every now and again.
The following command will check, repair and optimize all databases on your MySQL server.
mysqlcheck -u root -p --auto-repair --check --optimize --all-databases
It is the equivalent of calling CHECK TABLE, REPAIR TABLE, ANALYZE TABLE and OPTIMZE TABLE for each table in each database on your server.
We tend to run this command directly after our scheduled backups.
You can change to the previous working directory in BASH by using the command:
cd -